Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night Essay Example

Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night Paper ONeill makes extensive use of symbolism in the play by introducing objects, props and cultural artifacts that develop the major themes in the play. He achieves this by giving the objects second meanings far beyond the literal, and by having them stand for whole concepts that are in fact the plays core. One of the first and most meaningful things of this nature that the reader, or a member of the audience is introduced to is the fog and the foghorn, when Mary mentions them for the first time: Thank heavens, the fog is gone. I do feel out of sorts this morning. I wasnt able to get much sleep with that awful foghorn going all night long (Baym 1343). Throughout the play, the presence of the fog parallels the time of day when night comes, so does the fog, and when it is morning, the fog is gone. This, of course, is no coincidence. One of the key human features explored in the play is deception, or keeping each other in the dark. Thus, one might suggest that the fog and darkness in the form of the night are congruent symbols reinforcing one another, because they come together and empower the same concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The fog can also be seen as a sort of a personal fog each character is shrouded in, and something that suggest blurriness and unreality, especially in the final parts of the play when the fog is denser than ever and makes everything sound so sad and lost (Baym 1390-1391). The fog, then, obscures ones perception of the world, and it parallels the attempts of each member of the family to obscure or hide reality Tyrone and his stinginess, Mary with her addiction, Jamie with his life of a loafer and Edmund, with his tuberculosis that they all attempt to hide from Mary. The second important symbol is the foghorn, which too has a number of possible or combined meanings. Foghorns are used by ships for signaling in foggy conditions, therefore are a sort of warning and orienting signals. In the play, the foghorn stands for each family members efforts to find a way through the mess theyre in, perhaps excluding Mary, since she is completely passive. The fact that she does not like the foghorn also suggests that she is not up to trying to better the situation (Baym 1343). A partial success in finding a way through everything appears in the compromise that Edmund and Tyrone reach That Edmund doesnt have to go to a lousy sanatorium, and can go wherever he chooses. This compromise is only partial, though, because his choice has to be within reason (Baym 1402). In the warning sense, there are instances when the foghorn has significance as well, for example when Jamie warns Edmund of himself in his long speech Remember I warned you, for your sake. Give me credit. Greater love hath no man than this, that he saveth his brother from himself (Baym 1412). Thus, the foghorn symbolizes the search for solutions and ways around obstacles, but just as an actual foghorn on a ship, this search does not actively bring solutions about for the most part, it only emphasizes the presence of difficulties (the fog). A third major object, or objects, that stand for an important concept in the play are alcohol and morphine. The reason I chose to group them together is because both stand for the same concept escape. Alcohol does it for the men in the family, and morphine is Marys scene, but they all seek to escape what plagues them and these substances alter their thinking and perception (at least in theory) to do that. Nearly every stressful conversation or encounter that brings up any of the familys troubles results in either one (or more) of the men drinking, or Mary going upstairs to take morphine I understand that Ive been a God-damned fool to believe in you! Tyrone says as he realizes that his wife is back on the drug, and immediately pours himself a big drink (Baym 1366). Edmund drinks on several occasions although he isnt supposed to due to his illness, and even though his father knows it, he still lets him drink with only symbolic protest, probably because he subconsciously realizes that Edmund needs the escape just like him (Baym 1393). This peaks in the final scenes of the play, when the whole family is under the influence, and in a state of stupor. In the effort to obscure the grim reality from their minds (all of this with the dense fog outside and the faint haziness in the air), the men are all drunk, and Mary is higher than ever on morphine, according to Tyrone (Baym 1416). Therefore, both alcohol and morphine stand for the familys collective effort of escape. From the examination of the above and other objects, props, or cultural artifacts in the play, it becomes evident that the vast majority of those used by ONeill were meant to stand for more complicated concepts, and to act as symbols that develop the major and underlying themes of the play.

Biography of Kurt Schwitters, German Collage Artist

Biography of Kurt Schwitters, German Collage Artist Kurt Schwitters (June 20, 1887 - January 8, 1948) was a German collage artist who anticipated many later movements in modernist art, including the use of found objects, Pop Art, and art installations. Initially influenced by Dadaism, he created his own style, which he called Merz. He used found objects and items others considered garbage to create aesthetically appealing works of art. Fast Facts: Kurt Schwitters Full Name: Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius SchwittersOccupation: Collage artist and painterBorn: June 20, 1887 in Hanover, GermanyDied: January 8, 1948 in Kendal, EnglandParents: Eduard Schwitters and Henriette BeckemeyerSpouse: Helma FischerChild: Ernst SchwittersSelected Works: Revolving (1919), Construction for Noble Ladies (1919), The Merzbau (1923-1937)Notable Quote: The picture is a self-sufficient work of art. It is not connected to anything outside. Early Life and Career Kurt Schwitters was born into a middle-class family in Hanover, Germany. At age 14, he suffered an epileptic seizure, a condition that recurred throughout much of his life and had a significant impact on the way he looked at the world. Schwitters began studying art at the Dresden Academy in 1909 seeking a traditional career as a painter. In 1915, when he returned to Hanover, his work reflected a post-impressionist style, showing no impact from modernist movements such as cubism. In October 1915, he married Helma Fischer. They had one son who died as an infant and a second son, Ernst, born in 1918. Initially, Kurt Schwitters epilepsy exempted him from military service in World War I, but as conscription expanded late in the war, he faced enlistment. Schwitters didnt serve in battle, but he spent the last 18 months of the war serving as a technical draftsman in a factory. Genja Jonas / Public Domain First Collages The economic and political collapse of the German government at the end of World War I had a profound impact on Karl Schwitters art. His painting turned toward Expressionist ideas, and he began picking up litter in the streets as found objects to incorporate into works of art. Schwitters gained the attention of other artists in postwar Berlin with his first one-person exhibition at Der Sturm Gallery. He created a non-sensical Dada-influenced poem, An Anna Blume, for the event and displayed his first collage works. Through the use of items that others would consider garbage, Schwitters illustrated his idea that art could emerge from destruction. Construction for Noble Ladies (1919). Kurt Schwitters / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Kurt Schwitters was suddenly a respected member of the Berlin avant-garde. Two of his closest contemporaries were Austrian artist and writer Raoul Hausmann and German-French artist Hans Arp. Merz or Psychological Collage While he engaged directly with many artists in the Dada movement, Kurt Schwitters devoted himself to the development of his own style that he labeled Merz. He adopted the name when he found a piece of an advertisement from the local bank or kommerz that contained only the last four letters. The Merz magazine first appeared in 1923. It helped solidify Schwitters place in the European art world. He supported lectures and performances by a wide range of Dada artists, musicians, and dancers. He often created collages to help advertise the events. The Merz collage style is also often called psychological collage. Kurt Schwitters work avoids non-sensical construction by trying to make sense of the world with a harmonious juxtaposition of found objects. The materials included sometimes made witty references to current events, and other times were autobiographical including bus tickets and items given to the artist by friends. In 1923, Kurt Schwitters began the construction of the Merzbau, one of the most ambitious of his Merz projects. He ultimately transformed six rooms of his familys house in Hanover. The process was a gradual one and involved contributions of art and objects from Schwitters ever-expanding network of friends. He completed the first room in 1933 and expanded from there into other parts of the house until fleeing to Norway in 1937. A bombing raid destroyed the building in 1943. Merzbau. Sprengel Museum / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain In the 1930s, Kurt Schwitters reputation spread internationally. His work appeared in two landmark 1936 exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in 1936. One show was titled Cubism and Abstract Art and the other Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism. Exile from Germany In 1937, the Nazi government in Germany labeled Kurt Schwitters work degenerate and confiscated it from museums. On January 2, 1937, after finding out that he was wanted for an interview with the Gestapo, Schwitters fled to Norway to join his son who left a week earlier. His wife, Helma, stayed behind in Germany to manage their property. She visited Norway regularly until the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. The last time Kurt and Helma saw each other was a family celebration in Oslo, Norway in June 1939. Helma died in 1944 of cancer before World War II ended. After Nazi Germany invaded and occupied Norway in 1940, Schwitters escaped to Scotland with his son and daughter-in-law. As a German national, he was subject to a series of interments by the U.K. authorities in Scotland and England until he eventually arrived at Hutchinson Square in Douglas on the Isle of Man on July 17, 1940. Dadaists in Germany including Kurt Schwitters. Apic / Getty Images A collection of terraced houses around Hutchinson Square served as an internment camp. Most of those in residence were German or Austrian. It soon became known as an artists camp since so many internees were artists, writers, and other intellectuals. Kurt Schwitters soon became one of the most prominent residents of the camp. He soon opened up studio space and took on art students, many of whom later became successful artists. Schwitters earned release from the camp in November 1941, and he moved to London. There he met Edith Thomas, the companion of his last years. Kurt Schwitters met a number of other artists in London including British abstract artist Ben Nicholson and Hungarian modernist pioneer Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. Later Life In 1945, Kurt Schwitters moved to the Lake District of England with Edith Thomas for the last stage of his life. He moved into new territory in his painting creating what are considered precursors to the later Pop Art movement in a series titled For Kate after his friend, art historian Kate Steinitz. Schwitters spent many of his last days working on what he called the Merzbarn in Elterwater, England. It was a recreation of the spirit of the destroyed Merzbau. To maintain his income, he was forced to paint portraits and landscape pictures that could be sold easily to residents and tourists. These show a heavy influence from his Post-Impressionist past. Kurt Schwitters died on January 8, 1948, from chronic heart and lung disease. This is a cover of a book of 8 lithographs entitled Die Kathedrale, published in Hanover in 1920. This publication was created as response to the Dadaism included in the periodical Dada: Receuil litteraire et artistique by Tristan Tzara. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Legacy and Influence Whether intentional or not, Kurt Schwitters was a pioneer anticipating many later developments in modernist art. His use of found materials anticipated the later collage work of artists like Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg. He believed that art couldnt be and shouldnt be restricted to a frame on a wall. That point of view impacted the later development of installation and performance art. The series For Kate is considered proto-pop art through its use of a comic book art style. Merzzeichnung 47 (1920). Kurt Schwitters / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Arguably, the most complete representation of Schwitters artistic point of view was his beloved Merzbau. It allowed those in the building to immerse themselves in an aesthetic environment composed of found objects, autobiographical references, and the contributions of friends and acquaintances. Sources Schulz, Isabel. Kurt Schwitters: Color and Collage. The Merrill Collection, 2010.

Definition and Examples of Enumeratio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Enumeratio in Rhetoric Enumeratio  is a  rhetorical term for the listing of details- a type of amplification and division. Also called enumeration  or  dinumeratio. In A History of Renaissance Rhetoric 1380-1620 (2011), Peter Mack defines enumeratio as a form of argumentation, in which all the possibilities are set out and all but one are eliminated. In classical rhetoric, enumeratio was considered part of the arrangement (dispositio) of a speech and was often included in the peroration (or closing part of an argument). Etymology From the Latin, counting up Examples and Observations Enumeratio in Speeches[W]hen we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men, and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!Enumeratio and Division[E]numeratio . . . partitions a subject into its adjuncts or features. If numbering of the parts is added to the division, labeling a first, second, and third item in a series, the figure is eutrepismus (Joseph 1947, 11-114). Division as an argumentative strategy . . . can be stretched across paragraphs or pages, but to be stylistically visible or figured, any of these divisions must produce either a list of words or phrases in a single sentence constituent or contiguous predictions in a short stretch of text.Enumeratio in an Essay by Jonathan Swift[A]mong such as deal in multitudes of words, none are comparable to the sober deliberate talker, who proceedeth with much thought and caution, maketh his preface, brancheth out into several digressions, findeth a hint that putteth him in mind of another story, which he promiseth to tell you when this is done; cometh back regularly to his subject, cannot readily call to mind some persons name, holding his head, complaineth of his memory; the whole company all this while in suspense; at length says, it is no matter, and so goes on. And, to crown the business, it perhaps proveth at last a story the company hath heard fifty times before; or, at best, some insipid adventure of the relater. Negative EnumerationHe believed he was a newspaper reporter, yet read no paper except The Mockingburg Record, and so managed to ignore terrorism, climatological change, collapsing governments, chemical spills, plagues, recession and failing banks, floating debris, the disintegrating ozone layer. Volcanoes, earthquakes and hurricanes, religious frauds, defective vehicles and scientific charlatans, mass murderers and serial killers, tidal waves of cancer, AIDS, deforestation, and exploding aircraft were as remote to him as braid catches, canions and rosette-embroidered garters. Scientific journals spewed reports of mutant viruses, of machines pumping life through the near-dead, of the discovery that the galaxies were streaming apocalyptically toward an invisible Great Attractor like flies into a vacuum cleaner nozzle. That was the stuff of others lives. He was waiting for his to begin. Pronunciation e-nu-me-RA-ti-o Sources Martin Luther King, Jr.,  I Have a Dream,  August 1963Jeanne Fahnestock,  Rhetorical Figures in Science. Oxford University Press, 1999Jonathan Swift,  Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation,  1713E. Annie Proulx,  The Shipping News. Simon Schuster, 1993)

Issue14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issue14 - Essay Example The major theme of this method was to simply identify the top performers of the company, along with employee’s slight developmental needs and the dismissal of underperformers. GE remained successful with the execution of this method; later several companies adopted forced ranking performance, because it gave them the positive outcomes. Two issues were brought into attention regarding this method, in association with Alex Blyth & Gail Johnson. Alex Blyth supported this appraisal method in accordance with ‘cull or cure’. Operating the culling system over the bottom employees, will elaborate morale among the rest of the employees. Culling must be done properly to gain the positive results. Gail Johnson profoundly disagreed with forced ranking performance method. He stated that, it is such a method which will give birth to negative environment within the company employees, in reflection to several perspectives (discrimination & highly competitive environment). Today, approximately 20% of the fortune companies are still adopting the method of forced ranking performance, out of which some gain benefit, some remains at average and some face the possible chances of enduring the case of unfair appraisal system. Jack Welch’s policy of ‘rank and yank’ got popularity among huge organizations with effective results. Giving financial rewards to the top 20% & training the middle 70%, have been satisfactory enough; but straight firing the 10% of the bottom, blasted as the red light agenda among the organizations. Critics argued it to be as undermining the team work within the company. In general, the main motive of the employees should be working as a group for the company’s benefits, but the action of firing would enforce the engagement of employees in wasteful playing game situations to get the reward. According to the survey of Sanford professors, ‘Jeffery Pfeffer & Robert Sutton†, forced ranking performance encouraged

Intangible assets as per IAS 38 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intangible assets as per IAS 38 - Essay Example IAS 38 does not recognize all intangibles as assets and thereby invokes various controversies. Intangible assets are important components of many enterprises. It is stressed that all intangible assets should be treated in a consistent way so that financial statements present really a true and fair view of business and other activities of organizations. Lack of consistent approach erodes the creditability and comparability qualities of financial statements. IAS 38 require a thorough revision because of the under noted reasons. There should be the uniform treatment of all types of intangible assets, whether monetary or non-monetary. There is no answer as to why financial assets have been left out to be recognized by IAS 38. The standard has not treated the recognition of research and development expenses on some logical accounting grounds. When the entire expenditure whether incurred in research phase or development phase is going to bring in future economic benefits to the organizatio n, then why there are two different treatments to expenditure on one particular created asset. IAS 38 does not specify the reasonability of expensing the research expenses and capitalizing the expenses during development stage, when the object of expenditure at both stages is same.

Critical Thinking Reflection Essay Example for Free

Critical Thinking Reflection Essay Select one of the following questions and answer it in 200 to 300 words using the principles of critical thinking you learned in this course. How can we reduce poverty in the United States?  Will receiving a college degree improve your career opportunities? Has the United States peaked as a world power? Will receiving a college degree improve your career opportunities? Once I choice this question immediately my enculturation barrier surfaced, because as soon as I read the question I said to myself well yes it does, and I believe I said that to myself because that what we have all been taught by our parents, teachers, and media, so that’s what I know to be true. After realizing that I allowed my barrier to surface I stopped and started to ask myself questions that might help me figure out what the answer really is on my own. I asked myself things like, where is there proof of this? Are there facts that will support what I currently believe? After going through the series of question in my head I started doing some research. After I completed my research I found information that did support my original thought, but there was also information that I found to be informative but didn’t really go with my thought process. I found things like, â€Å"College grads also tend to make more, which many view as a benefit. According to a study by the Pew Research Center, over a lifetime of work, the typical college graduate earns $650,000 more than the typical high school graduate. (The study also found that college graduates have more stable employment.† (â€Å"Finding the Value in a College Degree,† 2014, para.). Which shows that having a college degree can benefit you. The other information I found that was informative was that â€Å"A college degree doesnt guarantee high earnings. This benefit will depend on your intended major and school.† (â€Å"Finding the Value in a College Degree,† 2014, para.). This tells me that just because someone has a degree it doesn’t mean that they will make more money, they have to have a degree that applies to that job. After asking myself questions and doing some research I am going to say that having a college degree will improve career opportunities. Citation Finding the Value in a College Degree. (2014, September). The Student Loan  Ranger, (), . Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/student-loan-ranger/2012/09/12/finding-the-value-in-a-college-degree Write, once you have answered the above question, a reflection of the process of critical thinking you used in forming your response. Include the following in your reflection: How does the process of critical thinking you used relate to or differ from the process you used to find content for your answer? How can you use critical thinking in other areas? What steps can you take to ensure that you continue to use critical thinking in the future? Reflection The process of critical thinking that I used to answer my question relates because in critical thinking you have to be willing to think differently and not just go with what you think you already know. You also have to ask yourself question and be able to understand the answers. I believe that I can use critical thinking in other areas by making sure that I am always open minded and be willing to listen and learn form others. The steps that I can take to ensure that I continue to use critical thinking in the future are to be able to acknowledge when I’m letting barriers get in the way, and make sure that I try to avoid them in the future. Other steps that I can take are to make sure that I question almost everything, don’t always go with what someone wants me to believe. I will always ask questions and try my hardest to make sure that I understand the answer. I will also continue practicing and learning about critical thinking as much as a can so I can strive to become an advanced critical thinker.

Dream Job Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Career Project A career I would be interested in pursuing is being a park ranger. This job interests me because I love spending time outdoors and with people. It also is an interest of mine to keep our wonderful parks and woodland environments safe and to have them still be around for many more generations to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The job of a park ranger is to enforce laws, regulations and policies in national, state, county, or municipal parks with dangerous wildlife, bad terrain, or in bad weather situations. Park rangers do task such as vehicle and personal registration, fee collections and issuing of permits. They must give information about the park use, safety requirements and special points of interest. Park rangers also help in the care and maintenance or parks. They help visitors utilize the natural surroundings that they visit. Park rangers are involved in the police aspect of parks also. They direct traffic, investigate accidents, and patrol to help prevent fires, theft, and vandalism. They can evict or arrest persons who violate park rules and regulations. Park rangers take part in rescue and first aid when needed. Rangers in certain climates might specialize such as snow safety or avalanche control. Conservation is key with park ranges. They study wildlife behavior, plants, wa ter, and pollution, plus the use of parklands. Some may be involved in the planning, construction, maintenance, landscaping, or management ...

Martin Luther King Short Bio

Michael Luther King Jar. Became Martin Luther King Jar. Martin Jar. Was so eager to learn that he tried to go to school when he was five years old. He was too young to go to school that year. Martin Jar. Went to first grade when he was six years old. Martin Jar. Played with his sister, Christine, and his brother, Alfred Daniel. Monopoly, Chinese checkers and marbles were Martin Jar. ‘s favorite indoor games. He also played the piano, violin and he sang. Outside, Martin Jar. Rode his bike, football, baseball, flew kites, and built a tree house with his brother Alfred. Martin also liked to play tricks on people.One day, he loosened the leg on a Plano bench. When his Plano teacher sat down, he crashed to the floor. Martin Jar. Had a bad experience when he was six. He and his friends often played games in his big backyard. One day, Martin Jar. Asked two white friends to play with him , but their mother told Martin Jar. That her boys could never play with him again. Martin Jar. Was so upset. His parents explained about the laws separating African Americans and white people. African American children couldn't go to the same schools as white people. They couldn't share drinking fountains or restrooms with white people.If an African American got on a bus had to give up his or her seat for a white person. Although the laws were wrong, Martin's Jar. Mother told her son to always remember that he was somebody. Thirteen! When he was in the eleventh grade, Martin Jar. Wrote a special speech and won a prize. He was so excited that his â€Å"big words† had pleased people. On the bus ride home, however, Martin Jar. Was told to give up his seat to a white man. Martin said, â€Å"It was the angriest I have ever been in my life. † Martin Jar. Skipped the twelfth grade and went to Morehouse College in Atlanta. He tried to decide how he could best wallpapering Americans.He questioned whether he should be a doctor, a lawyer or a Minister? Martin Jar. Decided to b ecome a Minister like his father. Martin Jars. First sermon was in a small room at Benzene Baptist Church. He spoke so powerfully that many people crowded into the room to hear him. More and more people came tap hear him and before long he was preaching in a larger room so that more people could her his inspiring sermons. Martin Jar. Returned to College again and earned a doctorate in theology. He was now Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. He met a girl called Correct Scott at the College where he earned his doctorate and in 1953 Martin Jar. D Correct Scott got married. Martin Jar. And his wife moved to Montgomery, Alabama. There he worked hard at being a good Minister and community leader. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman, named Rosa Park, refused to give up her seat on a bus too white man. She was arrested and taken to Jail for breaking the law that required African Americans to give up their bus seats to white Americans. Her arrest angered many African Americans in Montgo mery, Alabama. They refused to ride on the buses until the law was changed. Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. Agreed to lead the bus boycott.He and his family were heartened and their home was bombed but he knew that what they were doing was right. Eventually the U. S. Supreme Court was asked to decide on whether the bus segregation law was good. The Court decided that the boycott was wrong. Dry. King and his fellow boycotter had won. Dry. King led more battles to end unfair laws in the United States. He worked to ensure that all children could go to schools together. He tried to change laws so that African Americans could vote in elections and be paid the same wage as white people. At times Dry. King was Jailed because he stood up for what he knew was right.On the 28th of August 1963 Dry. King gave a famous speech entitled â€Å"l Have A Dream†. Millions of people heard him say â€Å"l have a dream that my four children will one day of their character†. In 1964 Dry. King r eceived the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent efforts to change the unfair laws in the United States of America. On April 4th 1968 Dry. King was tragically shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee, ending his dream of equal rights for all Americans. People around the world were saddened by the death of this peaceful leader who gave his life to make the world a better place for all.

Lecture Coherence Examples Essay

Examples of paragraphs that shows coherence and unity: Example 1: This is a good example because it responds to the prompt in first person, the details are thoughtful and personal, and it follows the structure I’ve taught you very well. I slightly changed the topic sentence to make it connect better to the supporting sentence. I have also made some grammatical/vocab corrections so that you can focus on content and structure when you read. To get good grades in classes, I need to plan to do three things. First of all, listening carefully to the teacher in class makes me understand the lesson. If I listen carefully to what the teacher says, I can ask questions about things that I don’t understand. I can also do the right homework that the teacher assigned. Second, doing my homework every day makes me review the lesson from class. The homework helps me to practice many things from class. I can also find questions in the homework to ask the teacher that will make my English better. Third, making an effort to study gives me the will to learn. If I don’t make an effort, I will be lazy. The will to learn makes me try to finish the homework furst, and then I will let myself go out with my friends. Finally, I try to make a plan to get a good grade in class, and I will abide by it. Notice: The yellow topic sentence is echoed (but not repeated) in the yellow concluding sentence. The three green sentences introduce an idea (listening) and then gives more information about that idea. The three blue sentences introduce a second idea (homework) and then gives more information about that idea. The three pink sentences introduce a third idea (making the effort to study) and then gives more information about that idea. Notice the use of the transitions â€Å"first of all†, â€Å"second,† â€Å"third†, and â€Å"Finally.† Example 2: This is a good example because even though it responds to the prompt in second person, the details are again very thoughtful, and the paragraph has a strong structure. I have again made some grammatical/vocab corrections so that you can focus on content and structure when you read. There are some useful ways to get the grade you want in this class. Before the class, you must preview the lessons you will listen to tomorrow. Previewing is a perfect learning habit to help you improve your learning efficiency. After previewing, you can know what the teachers will teach the net day. Then you can listen to your teachers with the questions you found the day before. In the class, you have to listen to your teacher carefully. Your teachers are professional and dedicated, and they can solve all of your problems about your studies. Listening carefully can also help you to get more information or details about tests. You can also confirm the knowledge you are not sure about, and it is an important way to improve your grade. Practicing more after class is also an important part. More practice for grammar or writing can help you to memorize. Don’t be show – speak more English, and you will improve your speaking and listening. The more exercises you di, the higher grade you will get. If you want to get the grade you want in this class, do these things before, in, and after classes. Notice: The yellow topic sentence is echoed (but not repeated) in the yellow concluding sentence. The three green sentences introduce an idea (listening) and then gives more information about that idea. The three blue sentences introduce a second idea (homework) and then gives more information about that idea. The three pink sentences introduce a third idea (making the effort to study) and then gives more information about that idea. Notice the use of both time words and placement of time words as well as repeated words for transitions

Free Essays on A Raisin In Time

A Life’s Dream In thinking of the Lanston Hughes poem from which the title of this play was taken, the key concept of dreams deferred comes to mind. The characters in this play all had a dream about their life. They all wanted something that would benefit them or others. The cherished dreams of Mama, Walter Lee and Beneatha reveal a great deal about the nature of the characters’ longings which unjust societal expectations cannot destroy. Walter Lee is the man of the Younger family. He runs the feelings and actions of his household. His dream is one that he has wanted for a long time. He has always wanted something he could be proud of calling it himself. He wants a change in his boring job and life and feels his dream can accomplish that. He dreams of running his own business along with his two friends, Bobo and Willy. He has little to worry about in life and he does what he can do to aggravate his wife, Ruth. The Younger family is not one that has loads of money, they live of what they have and cherish what life has brought them. Ruth is a very cautious wife, and Walter ignores it and brings tension to their marage by teasing her. One day their son Travis needed money for school and Ruth said they don’t have it but Walter said something different, â€Å"In fact, here’s another fifty cents†¦Buy yourself some fruit today-or take a taxicab to school or something.† (9) Walter gave away his own money to his son because his dream of his business is something that is sure to help his family. However, no one else believes in his dream. They all don’t want a part in his liquor business. His dream was eventually destroyed when his partner stole his money. Walter then had a break down and lost all faith in life. Mama is a totally different character then Walter Lee. She is very active and appreciative of what they have. She lost her husband and she inherits his money, $10,000. She too has a dream that relates to the money. The ... Free Essays on A Raisin In Time Free Essays on A Raisin In Time A Life’s Dream In thinking of the Lanston Hughes poem from which the title of this play was taken, the key concept of dreams deferred comes to mind. The characters in this play all had a dream about their life. They all wanted something that would benefit them or others. The cherished dreams of Mama, Walter Lee and Beneatha reveal a great deal about the nature of the characters’ longings which unjust societal expectations cannot destroy. Walter Lee is the man of the Younger family. He runs the feelings and actions of his household. His dream is one that he has wanted for a long time. He has always wanted something he could be proud of calling it himself. He wants a change in his boring job and life and feels his dream can accomplish that. He dreams of running his own business along with his two friends, Bobo and Willy. He has little to worry about in life and he does what he can do to aggravate his wife, Ruth. The Younger family is not one that has loads of money, they live of what they have and cherish what life has brought them. Ruth is a very cautious wife, and Walter ignores it and brings tension to their marage by teasing her. One day their son Travis needed money for school and Ruth said they don’t have it but Walter said something different, â€Å"In fact, here’s another fifty cents†¦Buy yourself some fruit today-or take a taxicab to school or something.† (9) Walter gave away his own money to his son because his dream of his business is something that is sure to help his family. However, no one else believes in his dream. They all don’t want a part in his liquor business. His dream was eventually destroyed when his partner stole his money. Walter then had a break down and lost all faith in life. Mama is a totally different character then Walter Lee. She is very active and appreciative of what they have. She lost her husband and she inherits his money, $10,000. She too has a dream that relates to the money. The ...

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Prestige

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Prestige In sociolinguistics, linguistic prestige is the degree of esteem and social value attached by members of a speech community to certain languages, dialects, or features of a language variety. Social and linguistic prestige is interrelated, notes Michael Pearce. The language of powerful social groups usually carries linguistic prestige; and social prestige is often granted to speakers of prestige languages and varieties (Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies, 2007). Linguists draw important distinctions between overt prestige and covert prestige: In the case of overt prestige, the social valuation lies in a unified, widely accepted set of social norms, whereas with covert prestige the positive social significance lies in the local culture of social relations. It is, therefore, possible for a socially stigmatized variant in one setting to have covert prestige in another (Walt Wolfram, Social Varieties of American English, 2004). Examples and Observations: Linguistic prestige is directly associated with power. As [Thomas Paul] Bonfiglio (2002:23) puts it, There is nothing in the particular language itself that determines its worth: it is the connection of the language in question to the phenomena of power that determines the value of that language and that contributes to the standardization process.(Gerard Van Herk, What Is Sociolinguistics? Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Old English certainly had words for language and female and face, and we could perfectly well have carried on using them [after the Norman invasion], but the much greater prestige of French induced many English-speakers to introduce French words into their speech in the hope of sounding more elegant. This attitude is always with us: French no longer enjoys quite the prestige it once had, but you may perhaps know someone who cannot resist spattering his English speech or writing with such French words and phrases as au contraire, joie de vivre, au naturel, fin de sià ¨cle and derrià ¨re. (R.L. Trask, Language: The Basics, 2nd ed. Routledge, 1999) Prestige in Grammar In grammar, most prestige forms are related to prescriptive norms of standardness or even literary norms. For example, the use of whom in Whom did you see? or the placement of never at the front of the sentence Never have I seen a more gruesome sight might be considered prestige variants in some social contexts. Apart from these somewhat special cases, it is difficult to find clear-cut cases of prestige variants on the grammatical level of language, particularly in the grammar of ordinary informal conversation...For present-day American English, it is clear that the vast majority of socially diagnostic structures exist on the axis of stigmatization rather than the axis of prestige.(Walt Wolfram, Social Varieties of American English. Language in the USA: Themes for the Twenty-First Century, ed. by Edward Finegan and John R. Rickford. Cambridge University Press, 2004) Overt and Covert Prestige A standard dialect speaker of English who intentionally switches to use of social markers such as aint and he dont is said to seek covert prestige. Such prestige is covert because its elicitation will often not, if successful, be consciously noted.Deliberate (as opposed to instinctive) use of taboo words such as fuck and shit, usage which tends to characterize male more than female speech, may also seek covert prestige, but the strength of these as social markers makes this more difficult to achieve. In a contrasting register, one uses unusually formal non-vernacular forms in vernacular contexts. For example, one will ordinarily say Its me to the question Who is it? asked by a familiar interlocutor, but, when asked the same question by one from whom one seeks prestige, the same speaker may say It is I. Similarly, except after prepositions Americans ordinarily say who in preference to whom: Who did you ask?, not Whom did you ask?  but in some circumstances, the latter may be substituted. Such usage is said to seek overt prestige because the often dubious prestige one gets from such usage is ordinarily consciously noted, hence overt. One may use jargon similarly seeking overt prestige, saying, for example, semantics when nothing more than ordinary meaning is intended.(Grover Hudson, Essential Introductory Linguistics. Blackwell, 2000) Labov on Prestige and Gender [American linguist William Labov developed] three principles regarding the linguistic behavior of men and women: 1. For stable sociolinguistic variants, women show a slower rate of stigmatized variants and a higher rate of prestige variants than men (Labov 2001: 266)2. In linguistic change from above, women adopt prestige forms at a higher rate than men (Labov 2001: 274)3. In linguistic change from below, women use higher frequencies of innovative forms than men do (Labov 2001: 292) Ultimately, Labov formulates the corresponding Gender Paradox: Women conform more closely than men to sociolinguistic norms that are overtly prescribed, but conform less than men when they are not.(Labov 2001: 293) All these principles and the Gender Paradox itself appear to be fairly robust findings with almost universal applicability in contemporary sociolinguistics...[E]very language period and every language community must be investigated independently and in its own right (pace Jardin 2000). The actual concepts and functions of class, gender, networks, and, most importantly, norms, standards, and prestige, differ radically in different communities.(Alexander Bergs, The Uniformitarian Principle and the Risk of Anachronisms in Language and Social History. The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics, ed. by Juan M. Hernndez-Campoy and Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Prestige, Status, and Function What do we mean by status and function? The two terms are often confused with one another and also with another term, prestige. Basically, the essential difference between prestige, function, and status is the difference between past, present, and future. The prestige of a language depends on its record, or what people think its record to have been. The function of a language is what people actually do with it. The status of a language depends on what people can do with it, its potential. Status, therefore, is the sum total of what you can do with a languagelegally, culturally, economically, politically and, of course, demographically. This is not necessarily the same as what you do with the language, although the two notions are obviously related, and indeed interdependent. They can also be connected with the prestige of a language. Let us illustrate the differences. Classical Latin has had a lot of prestige but it has few functions. Swahili has a lot of functions, but little presti ge. Irish Gaelic has status, official status, but few exclusive functions.(William F. Mackey, Determining the Status and Function of Languages in Multinational Societies. Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties, ed. by Ulrich Ammo. Walter de Gruyter, 1989)

Lack of effective Information Systems (IS) and Applications at Lesley Case Study

Lack of effective Information Systems (IS) and Applications at Lesley Stowe Fine Foods (LSFF) to support cloud ERP - Case Study Example Optimization of information systems affects success of ERP systems; however, this requires considerable amount of skills and knowledge, which in this case lacks in LSSF in helping it solve issues within its IS framework. LSSF’s inadequate information system mainly deals with the company’s internal resources; however, introducing cloud ERP that supports both internal business resources as well as basic Customer Relationship management system points out to the lack of information systems in the organization. The inadequate information system in the organization is unable to cope with demands of the basic system for customer relationship management that may go beyond the organization’s control. Although information technology is able to solve the issues within the company, introducing the IT solution faces the problem of the lack of IT department in the organization that results in a poor information system that is unable to solve the problems. Although, the cloud ERP solution may be implemented under optimal conditions in the organization, the solution would be prone to various challenges and failures in the organization because of the fragmented IS across its sites in Canada and USA. These issues in the company do not support implementation of cloud ERP solution (Compeau & Scott, 2013). Considering that some employees resort to manual activities in accomplishing their tasks, it is clear that LSSF lacks applications that can support the implementation of cloud ERP solution for the enterprise. The need for integration of various functions in the enterprise illustrates the absence of applications and information systems that support implementation of the intended cloud ERP solution. Given that currently the organization’s production, shipping, and inventory management involve manual processes (Compeau & Scott, 2013), it is clear the information system does not support